Dengue Fever…is closer than you think
In recent years, dengue fever has emerged as a global health concern, with outbreaks occurring in various parts of the world; recently in Nepal, Thailand, India (Kerala State), Guatemala, Panama, Bahamas, and Italy. There has even been more than 20 cases of locally acquired dengue in Florida.
Dengue virus is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. These mosquitoes can even be found indoors in close contact with humans. Unlike malaria-transmitting mosquitoes, dengue-transmitting mosquitoes are daytime feeders with 2 peak times of biting activity: 2 to 3 hours after dawn and mid-to-late afternoon. This pattern, however, changes to an all-day activity when the mosquitoes are indoors or during overcast days.
Recent outbreaks have highlighted the need for increased awareness and vigilance. Factors such as urbanization, increased travel, and climate change are proposed to contribute to the spread of this disease.
Traveler Precautions
Travelers, especially those visiting regions where dengue is endemic or experiencing outbreaks, should take precautions to minimize their risk of infection.
· Mosquito Bite Prevention: Use insect repellent containing Icaridin or DEET, wear long-sleeved clothing, and stay in accommodations with mosquito screens or air conditioning.
Avoid Peak Mosquito Activity: Aedes mosquitoes, which transmit dengue, are most active during dawn and dusk. Stay indoors during these times if possible.
Eliminate Breeding Sites: Remove standing water in and around your accommodations, as these serve as breeding sites for any mosquitoes.
Stay Informed: Check for travel advisories and health alerts related to dengue outbreaks in your destination, or better yet, book a Travel Health Appointment.
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Recognizing the symptoms of dengue fever is crucial for early diagnosis and prompt medical care. Symptoms typically appear 2-5 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito and may include:
· High Fever: Sudden onset of a high fever, often reaching 104°F (40°C).
· Severe Headache: Intense headaches, often behind the eyes.
· Joint and Muscle Pain: Severe joint and muscle pain, earning dengue the nickname "breakbone fever."
· Rash: A rash that can appear a few days after the fever starts.
· Mild Bleeding: Some individuals may experience mild bleeding from the nose or gums.
· Fatigue: Overwhelming fatigue and weakness, lasting weeks to months sometimes.
It’s important to note that some dengue fever symptoms overlap with COVID-19 and other tropical illnesses (e.g., malaria, Zika, and chikungunya).
In severe cases, dengue can progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening. Warning signs for these severe forms include severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, bleeding gums, and fatigue.
At this time, there is no vaccine (for travelers) or preventive drugs available for dengue fever.
Dengue fever is a global health challenge that demands attention and proactive measures. Recent outbreaks in various parts of the world underscore the importance of traveler precautions and early recognition of symptoms. By taking these steps and raising awareness, we can collectively combat the spread of dengue fever and reduce its impact on communities worldwide. Stay informed, stay safe, and together, we can protect ourselves and those around us from this mosquito-borne menace.